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• Lung Tumours

  Most lung cancers originate from the epithelium lining the airways. In dogs, most are from the alveoli where oxygen is taken up into the body but in people and in cats, most originate in the main airways (bronchi).

• Lymph Node and Other Lymphoid Tumours

  Cancer of the cells of the lymph nodes (lymphoma, lymphosarcoma) has to be distinguished from other causes of lymph node swelling by histopathology. Some types of cancer are slower growing than others but all are potentially life-threatening.

• Mammary Tumours in Cats

  This is a tumour originating from cells of the mammary glands. Most tumours are potentially or already malignant so early surgical removal is important so there is no spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

• Mast Cell Tumours in Cats

  This is a tumour originating from the body's mast cells. The tumours include both benign (non-spreading) and malignant (life-threatening, spreading) types.

• Mast Cell Tumours of the Viscera

  There are two main types of internal (visceral) mast cell tumours, one originating in the blood forming (haemopoietic) organs, such as the spleen and bone marrow, and the other originating in the gut (usually the intestine but occasionally the stomach).

• Melanocytic Tumours

  Melanocytes are cells that produce a pigment called melanin. They are found in many parts of the body where there is pigment, particularly skin, hair and eyes.

• Multicentric Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ ("Bowen-Like" Disease)

  Squamous cell carcinoma in situ is a disordered growth of the skin epidermis which may extend to include epithelium of the upper part of the hair follicles.

• Nasal Tumours

  Most cancers originate from the lining of the nose (epithelium). Benign tumours (adenomas) are rare but if they are surgically removable, they are curable. Malignant tumours (carcinomas) are more common with many different types.

• Nasopharyngeal Polyps

  Polyps are a benign form of growth – meaning they do not spread from one part of the body to another. Nasopharyngeal polyps arise in the middle ear, the compartment just behind the ear-drum.

• Neuroendocrine Tumours - Carcinoids

  Neuroendocrine cells produce rare tumours (carcinoids, Merkel cell tumours and neuroendocrine tumours). In general, the tumours are slow growing but will eventually spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.